Redtail Catfish - Phractocephalus hemioliopterus

The Amazon’s Crimson-Tailed Heavyweight

The redtail catfish, or pirarara in Portuguese, is one of the most iconic and sought-after catfish species in the Amazon. With its vibrant orange-red tail, broad head, and sheer brute strength, it offers an unforgettable experience for anglers targeting exotic giants. Known for its hard strikes, deep runs, and stubborn resistance, the redtail catfish is both a visual marvel and a formidable opponent.

Highly adaptable and widely distributed, this species thrives in a range of Amazonian habitats—from river channels and flooded lagoons to deep pools and submerged structure. Though not as massive as the piraíba, the redtail catfish is arguably the most photographed and instantly recognizable of all Amazonian catfish, and a favorite among anglers pursuing multi-species or heavy tackle adventures.

Interesting Facts & Notes

  • Despite its fearsome size and looks, redtails are considered docile and can be safely handled with care and wet hands.

  • They’re one of the few large Amazon predators that readily take both natural and artificial baits.

  • Known for producing a loud, bass-like "grunt" when handled, similar to a drum.

  • The redtail’s vibrant colors fade in captivity, making wild specimens particularly striking.

Where to Catch Redtail Catfish

Quick Facts

Attribute Description
Scientific Name Phractocephalus hemioliopterus
Common Names Redtail catfish, pirarara, Amazon redtail
Size Range Commonly 20–40 kg; can exceed 80 kg (176 lbs)
Region Amazon and Orinoco basins
Habitat Riverbeds, deep channels, flooded lakes, submerged wood
Behavior Nocturnal and bottom-oriented; shelters during the day
Coloration Black-spotted upper body, pale belly, and bright red-orange tail
Aggression Moderate; strikes hard and holds bottom
Feeding Habits Opportunistic carnivore and scavenger
Gamefish Status Highly prized by sport anglers for strength and size
Edibility Not commonly eaten due to gamefish status; considered decent by locals

Physical Appearance

The redtail catfish has a thick, robust body, large mouth, wide flat head, and a blunt snout. It’s easily distinguished by its striking coloration: a dark, mottled upper body, pale or white belly, and a deeply forked, bright red-orange caudal fin. Juveniles are more vibrantly colored than adults but even large specimens remain visually stunning.

How to Identify

  • “Pirarara”: Large size, red-orange tail, white underside

  • “Amazon redtail”: Black mottled back and fins, extremely broad head

  • Notable trait: Emits an audible grunt when handled

How to Catch Redtail Catfish

Fish for redtails in deep eddies, submerged timber, and river bends—especially during low water when prey concentrates. Let your bait sit on the bottom and wait for the telltale slow pull of a big redtail picking up the scent. Hooksets should be firm and deliberate due to their bony mouths.

Recommended Techniques

  • Bottom fishing: Let cut bait or live bait rest in deep holes or channels.

  • Drift fishing: Use natural bait while drifting over likely structure.

  • Vertical jigging: Tube jigs or metal jigs can be surprisingly effective in deeper water.

  • Night fishing: Most active after sunset—prime time for larger specimens.

Suggested Gear

  • Rod/Reel: Heavy baitcasting or spinning setup

  • Line: 80–100 lb braided main line

  • Leader: 100–130 lb mono or fluorocarbon; wire if piranhas are present

  • Hook: 10/0–14/0 circle hook for bait

  • Sinker: 1–3 oz depending on current and depth

Join the Adventure

Experience the power of a redtail catfish firsthand on one of our professionally guided Amazon fishing trips.

Contact us today:

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Redtails in Action

Related Reading

References

  • Zeinad, A. K. & Prado, R. A. (2012). Peixes fluviais do Brasil: espécies esportivas.

  • Ferreira, E. J. G. et al. (1998). Ecologia do peixe pirarara.

  • Goulding, M. (1980, 1981). Amazon fish ecology studies.

  • Santos, G. M. et al. (2006). Fish diversity and behavior in the Amazon basin.

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